Friday, September 21, 2012

First-ever imaging of cells growing on spherical surfaces

ScienceDaily (Sep. 21, 2012) ? Shengyuan Yang, Florida Institute of Technology assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, with graduate student Sang Joo Lee, has published a paper on the first-ever imaging of cells growing on spherical surfaces. The paper is published in the online journal Review of Scientific Instruments, and will appear later in September in the print version.

The potential biomedical applications of the researchers' technique include new strategies and devices for the early detection and isolation of cancer cells, facilitating new methods of treating cancer tissues. "We also foresee new strategies and techniques to control the differentiation of stem cells and the morphologies and structures of the resulting cells and tissues," said Yang.

The effects of substrate stiffness on cell behaviors have been extensively studied; however, the effects of substrate curvature are not well-documented. The curvature of the surface on which cells adhere can have profound effects on cell behaviors, according to Yang.

"To reveal these cell mechano-biological responses to substrate curvatures, we have introduced a novel, simple, and flexible class of substrates, polyacrylamide gels embedded with micro glass balls ranging in diameter from 5 mm to 2 mm, to culture cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental attempt to study cell responses to spherically-shaped substrates. Our cell culture experiments imply that this class of substrates, micro glass ball embedded gels, can be useful tools to study cell mechanobiological responses to substrate curvatures, related cell and tissue engineering researches, and biomedical applications, such as cancer detection and treatment, and the control of stem cell differentiations, for example," said Yang.

This work was supported with funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Program. The reviewer of this paper at Review of Scientific Instruments commented, according to Yang: "This is a clever idea. . . This work has great potentials with high impact."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Florida Institute of Technology.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Sang Joo Lee and Shengyuan Yang. Micro glass ball embedded gels to study cell mechanobiological responses to substrate curvatures. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012; DOI: 10.1063/1.4751869

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/dV8Li_QzgR4/120921162312.htm

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Amish guilty of hate crimes in Ohio hair attacks

Amish women exit the U.S. Federal Courthouse in Cleveland on Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. The jury found all 16 Amish people guilty in the hair- and beard-cutting attacks against fellow Amish in Ohio. (AP Photo/Scott R. Galvin)

Amish women exit the U.S. Federal Courthouse in Cleveland on Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. The jury found all 16 Amish people guilty in the hair- and beard-cutting attacks against fellow Amish in Ohio. (AP Photo/Scott R. Galvin)

Two Amish women walk to the U.S. Federal Courthouse in Cleveland on Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. The jury will begin their fifth day of deliberations in the trial of 16 Amish people accused of hate crimes in hair- and beard-cutting attacks against fellow Amish in Ohio. (AP Photo/Scott R. Galvin)

A group of Amish walk to the U.S. Federal Courthouse in Cleveland on Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. The jury will begin their fifth day of deliberations in the trial of 16 Amish people accused of hate crimes in hair- and beard-cutting attacks against fellow Amish in Ohio. (AP Photo/Scott R. Galvin)

Amish enter the U.S. Federal Courthouse in Cleveland on Thursday, Sept. 20, 2012. The jury will begin their fifth day of deliberations in the trial of 16 Amish people accused of hate crimes in hair- and beard-cutting attacks against fellow Amish in Ohio. (AP Photo/Scott R. Galvin)

An Amish man takes a smoke break outside the U.S. Federal Courthouse in Cleveland on Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2012. The jury finished their fourth day of deliberations without a verdict in the trial of 16 people accused of hate crimes in hair- and beard-cutting attacks against fellow Amish in Ohio. (AP Photo / Scott R. Galvin)

CLEVELAND (AP) ? Sixteen Amish men and women were convicted Thursday of hate crimes for a series of hair- and beard- cutting attacks on fellow sect members in a religious dispute that offered a rare and sometimes lurid glimpse into the closed and usually self-regulating community of believers.

A federal jury found 66-year-old Samuel Mullet Sr., the leader of the breakaway group, guilty of orchestrating the cuttings last fall in an attempt to shame mainstream members who he believed were straying from their beliefs. His followers were found guilty of carrying out the attacks, which terrorized the normally peaceful religious settlement that aims to live simply and piously.

Prosecutors and witnesses described how sons pulled their father out of bed and chopped off his beard in the moonlight and how women surrounded their mother-in-law and cut off two feet of her hair, taking it down to the scalp in some places.

Prosecutors say they targeted hair because it carries spiritual significance in their faith.

The defendants face prison terms of 10 years or more at their Jan. 24 sentencing. Prosecutors plan to file a request Friday to revoke bond for defendants who had remained free pending trial.

All the defendants are members of Mullet's settlement that he founded in eastern Ohio near the West Virginia panhandle. The Amish eschew many conveniences of modern life, including electrical appliances and automobiles, and embrace their centuries-old roots.

Federal officials said the verdicts would send a message about religious intolerance.

"The victims in this case are members of a peaceful and traditional religion who simply wanted to be left to practice their religion in peace," U.S. Attorney Steven Dettelbach said. "Unfortunately, the defendants denied them this basic right and they did so in the most violent way."

Members of the Amish community who sat through the trial hurried into a hired van without commenting, some covering their faces.

Defense attorneys said the defendants were bewildered by the verdicts and said likely appeals would be based on a challenge to the hate crimes law.

"They really don't understand the court system the way the rest of us have, being educated and reading newspapers," said Joseph Dubyak, whose client, Linda Schrock, has 10 children with her husband, who was also convicted.

Attorney Rhonda Kotnik said the verdicts would destroy Mullet's community of about 25 families. The defendants, including six couples, have a total of about 50 children, she said.

"The community is going to be ripped apart. I don't know what's going to happen to all their children," she said.

The suspects had argued that the Amish are bound by different rules guided by their religion and that the government had no place getting involved in what amounted to a family or church dispute.

Mullet wasn't accused of cutting anyone's hair. But prosecutors said he planned and encouraged his sons and the others, mocked the victims in jailhouse phone calls and was given a paper bag stuffed with the hair of one victim.

One bishop told jurors his chest-length beard was chopped to within 1? inches of his chin when four or five men dragged him out of his farmhouse in a late-night home invasion.

Prosecutors told jurors that Mullet thought he was above the law and free to discipline those who went against him based on his religious beliefs. Before his arrest last November, he defended what he believes is his right to punish people who break church laws.

"You have your laws on the road and the town ? if somebody doesn't obey them, you punish them. But I'm not allowed to punish the church people?" Mullet told The Associated Press last October.

The hair cuttings, he said, were a response to continuous criticism he'd received from other Amish religious leaders about him being too strict, including shunning people in his own group.

Defense attorneys acknowledged that the hair cuttings took place and that crimes were committed but contend that prosecutors were overreaching by calling them hate crimes.

Witnesses testified that Mullet had complete control over the settlement that he founded two decades ago and described how his religious teachings and methods of punishments deviated from Amish traditions.

One woman testified that Mullet coerced women at his settlement into having sex with him, and others said he encouraged men to sleep in chicken coops as punishment.

Mullet's attorney, Ed Bryan, maintained that the government had not shown that Mullet was at the center of the attacks. The defendants who cut the hair and beards acted on their own and were inspired by one another, not their bishop, Bryan said.

In one of the attacks, an Amish woman testified that her own sons and a daughter who lived in Mullet's community cut her hair and her husband's beard in a surprise assault.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-09-20-Amish%20Attacks/id-f32246d709fd420aae2a97ad2bd33c65

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Thursday, September 20, 2012

$22 billion parents give their children annually and its no surprise ...


Press Service International for Christian Today Australia - Mark Tronson

Thursday, 20 September 2012, 6:18 (EST)

$22 billion parents give their children annually and its no surprise given the baby boomer generation Fathers Day 2012 ? Mark and Wesley Tronson, one of Christian Today Australia's young writers Lisel O'Dwyer of the University of Adelaide was the lead researcher in a study funded by National Seniors examined the transfer of money and time between Australians aged 50 and over to their children and elderly parents.

The Sydney Morning Herald's Adele Horin unpicked the data in her article ?Generation IOU parents fork out $22 billion a year to help their children?. (www.smh.com.au)

Horin makes the telling point that parents spend about as much on their adult children as the federal government spends on the health system. $22 billion given to their adult children and $1 billion given to elderly parents.

Moreover, the baby boomer generation give four to five hours a week giving practical help to elderly parents or minding grandchildren - though Horin highlights from the report that some do much more and some do little. The practical help was valued at $30 billion a year based on an hourly average wage.

Almost 70 per cent of the money is given as a gift, not a loan by these parents whose median age is 58. In addition 40% of those over 80 give $1 billion to their grand children unassociated with their Wills which is another matter altogether.

Horin also pointed out that Dr O'Dwyer who presented the findings to the Australian Institute of Family Studies conference, said whether people were rich or poor made no difference to the amount of practical help they gave their elderly parents.

The conclusions drawn are that family solidarity is very strong in Australia but that elderly parents were seen as an obligation where giving to their children is seen as a pleasure. The downside is that minding the grand children should be a choice not a duty.

None of us should be surprised by any of these findings. As a father of four adult children and grand father everything about these findings ring true to our situation and our associates of similar age.

Observations

The Australian baby boomer generation has been the beneficiaries of an economic era of astonishing benefits which have included superannuation, long service leave, sickness benefits, healthy incomes, health care, Centrelink family benefits, bank accounts, investments and remarkably high percentages of home ownership.

There has never been a generation in history so wealthy, so abundantly catered for and with so much disposable income.

My wife of 35 years and I were financially assisted by our respective parents before marriage in that we each purchased a first home. When we married those properties were sold and our own first home was purchased with a very small mortgage paid off when I was 33 and thus allowing us to move into ?faith financial ministry?.

This kind of story was not uncommon in various measures however baby boomers have been home owners with mortgages paid off by their '50s or shortly thereafter. They in turn have been able to help their own children, particularly in the light of some difficult economic situations associated with the GFC.

But the overwhelming emphasis has been on getting that first property whether it be a home on the quarter acre block in the suburbs or a town house or unit of some description. The baby boomer generation has impressed this upon their children.

Other considerations

But it is not all sweet and delicious. A recent report from News.com suggests that there will be nothing left for Generation Z to inherit. It is being given away now. (www.news.com.au)

There is also a section of the community who have not had such good role models or have made poor investment or business decisions finding themselves in embarrassingly difficult financial straits. This group have not been able to help their children or their elderly parents.

As a Baptist minister of 35 years I'm able to recount innumerable such situations. The most common is where an elderly parent, now a widow, sold their family home and the funds were mishandled by well meaning children with poor financial decisions. The nest egg for their elderly parent's later nursing home needs has been greatly diminished or lost. Family relationships between siblings become strained over such issues.

On a brighter note, Christian churches and missions have likewise benefited as there has been so much disposable income available. Major building projects have been generously funded along with many missionary endeavours to the four quarters of the earth.

Dr Mark Tronson is a Baptist minister (retired) who served as the Australian cricket team chaplain for 17 years (2000 ret) and established Life After Cricket in 2001. He was recognised by the Olympic Ministry Medal in 2009 presented by Carl Lewis Olympian of the Century. He has written 24 books, and enjoys writing. He is married to Delma, with four adult children and grand-children.

Mark Tronson's archive of articles can be viewed at www.pressserviceinternational.org/mark-tronson.html

Source: http://au.christiantoday.com/article/22-billion-parents-give-their-children-annually-and-its-no-surprise-given-the-baby-boomer-generation/14096.htm

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The Correct Cost Estimate for Your Roof Replacement Project to ...











From installation of the roof up until its upgrade-- and the once-a-year cost of maintenance for its whole life-- your rooftop needs a major financial commitment. So if you're preparing to switch to a better roofing system, or merely prefer to change your aged shingles, consider your budget or the amount of hard earned cash you're prepared to spend. Below are a few advices to assist you to deduce the cost of changing your rooftop:

Find out the Pitch and Area of Your Roof covering.

Measure the area of your roofing system from its pitch, rise, and slope. For precise guide, use internet resources and the web-based calculator to conduct your computations. Try to remember the rule: the steeper and wider your roof covering, the bigger the cost for replacement.

Assess the Intricacy of Changing Your Roofing System.

As soon as your roofing avoids the typical, the more difficult it will be to switch out. Multiple dormers, skylights, and solar energy panels can make the job difficult for roofing contractors and may even require the use of customized tools. The more daunting the roof replacement job, the more money you'll have to spend for material and labor.

Take into account the Roofing Material You Choose.

If the humid continental climate of Spokane, Washington has taken its toll on your roof covering, latest kinds of roofing materials are more resilient and energy effective. You can consult roofing contractors Spokane WA households frequently speak with relating to what supplies will most effectively fit your home and budget. As an example, asphalt shingles are more economical than metal sheets. At the same time, setting up of the material and some roofing systems necessitate roofing contractors with special training and certain skills.

Request an Estimate from a Roofing Contractor.

There are lots of roofing contractors Spokane WA who supply free estimates to would-be clients. They'll inspect your residence and inquire about your inclinations. Based on their evaluations and your selections, they'll figure and present you a price quote, which includes the labor, material, and other replacement charges.

Before changing the aged and disintegrating roofing Spokane roofing firms encourage you to speak to accomplished professional roofing professionals relating to the different roofing materials out there ideal for your home and your funds. Expert replacement work also makes sure that the service will be carried out punctually without hassles or impediments. If you wish to go through more pointers and relevant information, you can go to http://www.ehow.com/how_4811445_calculate-roof-replacement-costs.html.

For more details, search " roofing contractors spokane wa, and roofing Spokane " in Google for related information.

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Chicago strike: It's back to school as teachers accept key reforms (+video)

Mayor Rahm Emanuel hailed the agreement ending the Chicago school strike as 'an honest compromise.' The union made concessions on both teacher evaluations and seniority. Schools reopen Wednesday.

By Mark Guarino,?Staff writer / September 18, 2012

Mary Edmonds, a member of the Chicago Teachers Union's House of Delegates, celebrates after the delegates voted to suspend the strike against the school district Tuesday in Chicago.

AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast

Enlarge

A strike by Chicago schoolteachers that left most Chicago public schools shuttered for seven days ended late Tuesday afternoon after 800 union delegates voted to sign off on a negotiated three-year contract that Mayor Rahm Emanuel hailed as constituting ?an honest compromise.?

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The nearly 350,000 schoolchildren enrolled in Chicago?s schools will return to classes Wednesday.

The strike was the first in Chicago in 25 years. Chicago Teachers Union President Karen Lewis acknowledged that her side failed to receive ?a perfect contract? but asked, in a press conference, ?do we stay on strike forever until every little thing we want can be gotten??

The settlement, which included teacher concessions on evaluations and seniority, prevents what would have been an ominous next step for the teachers union: court.

On Monday, after the union said it needed several more days to scrutinize the negotiated contract given to them over the weekend, Mayor Emanuel directed the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) system to file a complain in the Circuit Court of Cook County saying the strike was illegal under Illinois state law because it was based on more than just wages and benefits.

Emanuel added a second reason for the strike?s illegality: it threatened public health safety. The complaint emphasized that the public schools were considered a safe haven for children in impoverished neighborhoods.

A Cook County judge had scheduled a hearing on the matter Wednesday if both sides failed to reach an agreement Tuesday.

In the end, the union conceded to two major reforms demanded by Emanuel since the beginning: a more rigorous system evaluating teachers and the ability of principals to hire or fire teachers based on performance and not necessarily seniority.

The new contract, which extends over three years with an option to renew a fourth, factors student growth in accounting for 25 percent of year-end teacher evaluations in years one and two and 30 percent in the third year. Student surveys will add to the evaluation starting in the second year.?

Principals will continue as decision-makers in hiring, but layoffs, for the first time in CPS history, will be determined by the level of teacher performance in the classroom, starting with those with the lowest evaluation ratings. Also for the first time, CPS will establish hiring practices that fast-track highly rated teachers who are laid-off because of school consolidations or closings for open positions at other schools in the system.

The CPS school day will also be extended: 75 minutes for elementary students and a half hour for high school students. The school year will be extended two weeks for all students.

The contract agreement provides teachers with a base salary raise of 3 percent in the first year and 2 percent in each of the next two years. If the contract is extended a fourth year, teachers would receive a 3 percent raise. Teachers are also eligible for raises for their years of experience and master?s degrees. The Chicago Public Schools says raises would be 17.6 percent on average over four years. Under past contracts, teachers received an automatic wage increase of 4 percent.

"In this contract, we gave our children a true seat at the table,? Emanuel said in a statement. ?In past negotiations, taxpayers paid more but our kids got less. This time, our taxpayers are paying less and our kids are getting more," he said in a statement.

The teachers standoff became the first significant political fight of the Emanuel administration and it arrives at a politically sensitive time: one week after the Democratic Party convention in Charlotte, N.C., when Emanuel was tasked to lead a major fundraising effort to help President Obama win a second term.

Opponents depicted Emanuel as a Republican in disguise, a portrayal emboldened by the endorsement of Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, who denounced the teachers union and blamed Obama for putting not putting children first.

Emanuel positioned his side as fighting for the good of the children, but there was no doubt the city?s dwindling finances were also a factor.

The strike involved about 29,000 teachers and support staff in what is the nation?s third-largest school district. The 45,000 students enrolled in the city?s charter schools were not affected and remained in class throughout the seven days.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/zaBdTh6oT0I/Chicago-strike-It-s-back-to-school-as-teachers-accept-key-reforms-video

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Letterman: I don't hate Romney for Leno appearance

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Swedlund takes over as director of Rec Center | The Optimist


By Matthew Sloan
Posted on September 18, 2012 | News | No comment

A year ago, the Money Student Wellness and Recreational Center was the focal point of buzz around campus. But with a new man at the top, the Rec Center may be improving even more this year.

Joel Swedlund will be taking over as the executive director of the Royce and Pam Money Recreation and Wellness Center.

In June, Swedlund left the McGlothlin Campus Center, where he had been helping behind the scenes for years with the Center?s operations.

Although his office has only moved a few buildings away, the impact of this change will be felt throughout the ACU community, especially in Student Life.

The change will add a unique element to the growing connection between the Rec Center and intramural sports. As Kenli Edwards, director for intramural sports said, the students will feel an immediate change in the Rec Center.

?The students might notice a more student-welcomed environment,? Edwards said. ?They might not notice that Joel is now in that role, but they will be able to feel more welcome.?

Though Swedlund will bring fresh energy to Student Life and will attempt to have a positive impact on the indoor sports, he insists that students will not be hindered by the changes at the top.

?Everything will remain the same,? Swendlund said. ?Intramurals does not directly report to this office, though we partner a lot of course. But nothing should change this year from last year. ?

Edwards and Swedlund have to be in constant communication to execute events such as Rec Fest when thousands of students head to the Rec Center looking for a good time.

The Rec Center plays an ever-expanding role in Student Life, hosting basketball, soccer, volleyball and many other sports on the intramural calendar. The Rec Center is a popular hang out spot for members of the ACU community, and the busyness has been enough to keep Swedlund on his toes.

?It is definitely busier because of my change in role,? Swedlund said. ?We are still kind of in transition, looking to add some new personnel. We have changed the staffing model here, so we are trying to work through that.?

Source: http://www.acuoptimist.com/2012/09/swedlund-takes-over-as-director-of-rec-center/

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Romney backer defends fundraising event

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Tuesday, September 18, 2012

Philip Seymour Hoffman to Direct "Ezekiel Moss" for Mandalay

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Monday, September 17, 2012

Kate Middleton Nude Photo Scandal Sparks Legal Row - Celebuzz

ROYALS PURSUE PUBLICATIONS, PHOTOGRAPHER OVER NUDE SNAPS

After several magazines printed semi-nude sunbathing photos of Kate Middleton, the British Royal family is fighting back in court.

The royal legal team is taking aim at both the publications and the unidentified paparazzi. Last week, lawyers began proceedings against French magazine Closer ? the first outlet to run revealing shots of a topless Duchess of Cambridge on vacation with her husband, Prince William, in south of France ? after what St. James?s Palace called a ?grotesque? and ?totally unjustifiable? invasion of privacy. The suit seeks an injunction against the magazine, calling for all issues to be removed from stands and all images withdrawn from its website.

The royals? lawyers also want to prevent Mondadori ? the former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi?s publishing house that owns Closer and Italian magazine Chi, which both printed the images ? from further disseminating the images.

And the royals filed a criminal complaint Monday in a Nanterre, France, court against the as-of-yet unidentified photographer(s), whom the palace claims exploited the privacy of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.

Do the royals have a case? Weigh in with your remarks to Headline News host Jane Velez-Mitchell.

Velez-Mitchell will be taking questions and comments on the subject until tomorrow, September 18, on Celebuzz.

Later this week, the Hollywood expert will share her thoughts on the Middleton nude photo case with the Celebuzz community.

The award-winning TV journalist hosts the hit show Jane Velez-Mitchell, airing at 7PM ET on HLN, where she tackles the day?s most controversial events from a wide range of viewpoints. Check out HLNtv.com for more details.

Do you think the royals should win their legal battle? Address your comments to Velez-Mitchell below.

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Source: http://www.celebuzz.com/2012-09-17/kate-middleton-nude-photo-scandal-sparks-legal-row-get-in-on-the-conversation-with-jane-velez-mitchell/

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How Arab Spring turned into protests and 'Death to America!'

An outbreak of violence in Afghanistan this weekend was testament to a clear trend: In Muslim countries now enjoying more political freedom, anti-American anger is coming to the surface.

By Howard LaFranchi,?Staff writer / September 17, 2012

Afghan police stand by burning tires during a protest in Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday.

Ahmad Jamshid/AP

Enlarge

The shouts of ?Death to America!? at Kabul University this weekend were not a good sign for US policy in the Middle East and across the wider Muslim world.

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The wave of anti-American violence roiling the Middle East struck Afghanistan, with protesters pelting a NATO compound in Kabul with stones and at least six more NATO troops, including four Americans, killed Saturday by Afghan soldiers.

It is further evidence that pent-up frustrations are suddenly finding an outlet through the rise of political freedom across the region ? and are likely to target the US for some time to come. With the US helping to establish democracies in Afghanistan and Iraq, and last year's Arab Spring transforming Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya, several iron-fisted regimes have been replaced by weaker and still-developing governments that are sympathetic to a popular distrust of America.

?One of the lessons here is that helping to bring down authoritarian and very repressive regimes" ? like the Taliban in Afghanistan or Muammar Qaddafi in Libya ? "doesn?t mean we?ll necessarily have better relations with those countries,? says James Phillips, a Middle East expert at the Heritage Foundation in Washington. ?The evidence suggests the new leaders are intent on leading their countries away from the US and away from Western values.?

The protests ? sparked by an online video made in America that denigrates the Prophet Mohammed and Islam ? also spread to Pakistan, the Philippines, Australia, and Indonesia.

The largely peaceful protests that began in Afghanistan after Friday prayers intensified Sunday and Monday, when crowds in Kabul targeted a NATO camp and students at Kabul and Herat universities demanded punishment of the makers of the video.

There were also signs that Islamist extremists were tapping into the popular ire against the US to boost their own standing ? and that some populations were responding.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/wborBL1GCj0/How-Arab-Spring-turned-into-protests-and-Death-to-America!

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Barcelona's Puyol out of Spartak game

Barcelona, Sep 16

Barcelona will be without inspirational captain Carles Puyol for their Champions League opener against Spartak Moscow Wednesday after the defender went off injured in a league clash.

Puyol was substituted with a knee ligament injury after 57 minutes of Barcelona?s 4-1 win over Getafe Saturday, and the problem could keep him out of action for up to six weeks.

Midfielder and newly crowned European footballer of the year Andres Iniesta was ruled out of the Spartak match with a thigh strain after playing in Spain?s 1-0 win against Georgia Tuesday, while Chilean forward Alexis Sanchez is an injury doubt with a similar problem.

Full-back Jordi Alba missed the Getafe match with an illness.

Source: http://www.prokerala.com/news/articles/a328026.html

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Alabama, Florida State post huge shutouts

Tennessee wide receiver Justin Hunter (11) catches a pass as Florida defensive back Loucheiz Purifoy (15) defends during the first quarter of an NCAA college football game on Saturday, Sept. 15, 2012, in Knoxville, Tenn. (AP Photo/Wade Payne)

Tennessee wide receiver Justin Hunter (11) catches a pass as Florida defensive back Loucheiz Purifoy (15) defends during the first quarter of an NCAA college football game on Saturday, Sept. 15, 2012, in Knoxville, Tenn. (AP Photo/Wade Payne)

Arkansas cornerback Kaelon Kelleybrew walks off the field after the Razorback's 52-0 loss to Alabama in an NCAA college football game in Fayetteville, Ark., Saturday, Sept. 15, 2012. (AP Photo/Danny Johnston)

(AP) ? Without Tyler Wilson, Arkansas never had a chance against Alabama.

Florida State dispatched Wake Forest just as easily.

The top-ranked Crimson Tide demolished the beleaguered Razorbacks 52-0 on Saturday in Fayetteville, Ark., and the No. 5 Seminoles won by the same lopsided score.

Arkansas' much-anticipated season has crumbled three weeks into the season. The Razorbacks lost 34-31 in overtime last week to Louisiana-Monroe, and Wilson suffered a head injury in that game.

Wilson was in uniform, but did not play against the Tide and his backups, Brandon Allen and Brandon Mitchell, were tormented by the Alabama defense.

Arkansas managed only 137 yards.

Florida State's Chris Thompson had more than that on nine carries against Wake Forest. The speedy running back broke touchdown runs of 74 and 80 yards in the first half.

The Seminoles looked ready to go for their Atlantic Coast Conference showdown at home against Clemson next week.

___

No. 1 ALABAMA 52, ARKANSAS 0

Eddie Lacy ran for three touchdowns and the Crimson Tide forced five turnovers to win its 21st straight to SEC opener.

Vinnie Sunseri and Haha Clinton-Dix had interceptions against the Razorbacks, who played without quarterback Tyler Wilson because he had a head injury in last week's loss to Louisiana-Monroe.

The shutout was the second straight for the Crimson Tide (3-0, 1-0 Southeastern Conference). The last time Alabama, which has forced 12 turnovers this season, had back-to-back shutouts was against Vanderbilt and Kentucky in 1980.

AJ McCarron was 11 of 16 passing for 189 yards and a touchdown.

Arkansas (1-2, 0-1) had just 44 yards of total offense at halftime and 137 for the game. The Razorbacks were held scoreless in Razorback Stadium for the first time since a 7-0 loss to Baylor in 1966.

___

No. 21 Stanford 21, No. 2 USC 14

STANFORD, Calif. (AP) ? Stanford still had every answer for Matt Barkley and Southern California.

Josh Nunes threw a go-ahead 37-yard touchdown to Zach Ertz, Stepfan Taylor ran for 153 yards and scored two touchdowns, and No. 21 Stanford upset second-ranked USC for its fourth straight win in this series.

Heisman Trophy hopeful Matt Barkley threw for 254 yards and two interceptions while completing only 20 of 41 passes. He was sacked twice on the final drive for the Trojans (2-1, 0-1 Pac-12) and threw out of bounds on a final, desperate heave on fourth-and-39 from USC's 25-yard line.

Coming out of a two-year bowl ban, USC had national title hopes. Now the Trojans will have to climb out of a hole to get there.

A sold-out crowd at Stanford Stadium rushed the field, tossing streamers and jumping in a wild celebration at midfield with Stanford coach David Shaw and players caught in the middle of the mess.

____

No. 3 LSU 63, IDAHO 14

BATON ROUGE, La. (AP) ? Tigers safety Ronald Martin and defensive end Lavar Edwards each snagged deflected passes and returned them for scores.

The victory gave LSU (3-0) an NCAA FBS record 40th-straight non-conference regular season victory. LSU also set a Tiger Stadium mark with 20 straight home wins, while extending its nation-long regular-season winning streak to 16 games.

Kansas State had 39 straight non-conference regular-season wins from 1993-2003.

LSU intercepted Idaho's Dominique Blackman four times. Martin, a sophomore making his first start with Craig Loston getting the night off, had two, both off deflections by cornerback Jalen Collins. Both also resulted in touchdowns.

___

No. 4 OREGON 63, TENNESSEE TECH 14

EUGENE, Ore. (AP) ? Marcus Mariota threw for 308 yards and four touchdowns before Oregon pulled its starters.

Multitalented De'Anthony Thomas had 222 all-purpose yards on 10 touches. He ran for a 59-yard touchdown and caught a 16-yard scoring pass from Mariota.

The Ducks (3-0) were playing their final nonconference game before hosting Arizona next Saturday. They had 652 yards in total offense, compared to 177 yards for Tennessee Tech. Oregon did have its issues, however, with 12 penalties for 105 yards.

The Golden Eagles (2-1) have never defeated an FBS-level team in 28 tries. The game against the Ducks was the Ohio Valley Conference team's first against a Pac-12 opponent.

____

No. 5 FLORIDA STATE 52, WAKE FOREST 0

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) ? Chris Thompson scored on runs of 74 and 80 yards on consecutive carries in the first half to lead the Seminoles.

Thompson, who suffered a broken back at Wake Forest a year ago that nearly ended his career, already had a career-high 197 yards following his 80-yard touchdown run that put the Seminoles into a 28-0 lead with 9:42 remaining in the first half.

His 74-yard touchdown followed a 60-yard punt return TD by Rashad Greene as the Seminoles (3-0, 1-0 Atlantic Coast Conference) led 38-0 at the half.

Florida State's defense, which has allowed just three points this season and plays Clemson at home next week, held Wake Forest (2-1, 1-1 ACC) to 126 yards. Tanner Price managed only 82 passing yards.

___

No. 7 GEORGIA 56, FLORIDA ATLANTIC 20

ATHENS, Ga. (AP) ? Aaron Murray passed for a career-best 342 yards and two touchdowns, and scored twice on short runs.

Playing without Jarvis Jones and two other defensive starters, Georgia (3-0) struggled in the first half to slow a Florida Atlantic team that scored a single touchdown against lower-division Wagner. The 44-point underdog Owls kept converting third downs and found themselves tied at 14 early in the second quarter.

But the Bulldogs simply had too many weapons for Florida Atlantic (1-2), piling up a school-record 713 yards. Murray completed 14 of 19, including a 67-yard touchdown to Michael Bennett and a 36-yarder to Arthur Lynch. Murray scored himself on a pair of 1-yard sneaks.

___

No. 8 SOUTH CAROLINA 49, UAB 6

COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) ? Connor Shaw went 8 of 14 for 107 yards before reinjuring his throwing shoulder.

Shaw left the game after taking a brutal hit just after he released a 20-yard pass to Bruce Ellington late in the first half. Athletics officials said the junior aggravated the bruised right shoulder that kept him out of last week's game.

Sophomore Dylan Thompson took over again, throwing a 95-yard touchdown pass to Damiere Byrd that put South Carolina up 35-6 midway through the third quarter.

Gamecocks coach Steve Spurrier picked up his 200th college coaching win, joining Virginia Tech's Frank Beamer, Texas' Mack Brown and Nevada's Chris Ault as the only active Division I coaches to reach that mark.

UAB (0-2) gained 267 yards but was kept out of the end zone.

___

No. 9 WEST VIRGINIA 42, JAMES MADISON 12

LANDOVER, Md. (AP) ? Geno Smith completed 34 of 39 passes for 411 yards and five touchdowns for West Virginia.

Smith set the school's career passing yardage record, topping Marc Bulger.

Stedman Bailey and Tavon Austin both had 100 yards receiving before halftime for the Mountaineers, who improved to 2-0 and are 13-0 against FCS schools.

Bailey finished with 173 yards on 13 catches and three touchdowns. Austin had 113 yards on 11 receptions and one score.

The Dukes upset then-No. 13 Virginia Tech two years ago, but they never challenged the Mountaineers. They fell to 2-1.

The Mountaineers hosted the game at the Washington Redskins stadium to help maintain an East Coast profile now that they've moved to the Big 12.

___

No. 20 NOTRE DAME 20, No. 10 MICHIGAN STATE 3

EAST LANSING, Mich. (AP) ? Everett Golson made plays with his arms and legs, and an inspired Manti Te'o helped Notre Dame's defense smother Michigan State.

The Fighting Irish are off to their best start in 10 years, with the type of marquee victory that's eluded them for almost as long.

Golson threw a touchdown pass and ran for a score in the first half to help the 20th-ranked Fighting Irish dominate the 10th-ranked Spartans 20-3 Saturday night.

The Fighting Irish (3-0) snapped a six-game losing streak against ranked teams and beat a top-10 opponent for the first time in seven years.

Te'o had 12 tackles, one for a loss, and broke up two passes, playing just a few days after the deaths of his girlfriend, who had a long battle with leukemia, and his grandmother.

___

No. 11 CLEMSON 41, FURMAN 7

CLEMSON, S.C. (AP) ? Tajh Boyd threw for 310 yards and three touchdown passes, Sammy Watkins had a 58-yard touchdown run in his season debut and Clemson won its 30th straight over Furman.

Watkins scored in the first quarter after taking an inside handoff from Boyd and rushing past the right side of Furman's defense. The All-American sophomore receiver spent the past two games on the sideline, suspended for a May drug arrest. He finished with four catches for 52 yards.

Boyd's three scoring throws gave him 43 for his career, second at Clemson (3-0) and just six behind the record held by Charlie Whitehurst.

Furman of the Football Championship Subdivision opened 0-3 for the first time since 1979.

___

No. 12 OHIO STATE 35, CALIFORNIA 28

COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) ? Braxton Miller lofted a 72-yard touchdown pass to an all-alone Devin Smith with 3:26 left and Christian Bryant snuffed out California's last chance with an interception for the Buckeyes.

The Golden Bears (1-2) missed three field goals and had a touchdown called back by a penalty, while the Buckeyes (3-0) gave up 512 yards and were outplayed for much of the second half.

Taking over at his own 25 with the score knotted, it took just three plays until on third-and-7 a defensive back thought Miller would run and he instead threw deep to a wide-open Smith.

Bryant then picked off Zach Maynard's pass and returned it 38 yards to end the Bears' last threat.

Maynard completed 26 of 37 passes for 280 yards and a touchdown, and with the late interception. Brendan Bigelow has touchdown runs of 81 and 59 yards for Cal.

____

PITTSBURGH 35, No. 13 VIRGINIA TECH 17

PITTSBURGH (AP) ? Ray Graham ran for 94 yards and two scores and added an 18-yard touchdown reception to lead Pitt to its first victory of the season.

Tino Sunseri passed for 283 yards and two touchdowns and freshman running back Rushel Shell added 157 yards as Pitt (1-2) gave coach Paul Chryst his first career victory in emphatic fashion.

Virginia Tech (2-1) had won 13 straight true road games, the longest active streak in the country, but let Pitt race to a quick three-touchdown lead and never really threatened. Logan Thomas completed just 14 of 31 passes for 265 yards and one touchdown against three interceptions.

____

No. 14 TEXAS 66, MISSISSIPPI 31

OXFORD, Miss. (AP) ? David Ash threw for a career-high 326 yards and four touchdowns and No. 14 Texas easily beat Mississippi 66-31 on Saturday night.

Ash connected on touchdown passes of 46 and 55 yards as the Longhorns gained 676 total yards. Mike Davis caught five passes for 124 yards and a touchdown while Marquise Goodwin rushed for 80 yards, caught two passes for 102 yards and scored two touchdowns.

Texas (3-0) led 31-10 by halftime and 52-24 by the end of the third quarter. It was the most points given up by Ole Miss in a game since 1917.

Ole Miss (2-1) couldn't match the Longhorns' speed or strength. Texas scored on seven straight possessions at one point, including touchdowns on six of those drives.

___

No. 15 KANSAS STATE 35, NORTH TEXAS 21.

MANHATTAN, Kan. (AP) ? Collin Klein threw for 230 yards and accounted for three touchdowns and Tyler Lockett returned a kickoff 96 yards for another score.

Tramaine Thompson caught five passes for 102 yards and two scores, and John Hubert added a touchdown on the ground for Kansas State (3-0), which struggled to put away the tougher-than-expected Mean Green in its tuneup for next Saturday's showdown with fifth-ranked Oklahoma.

North Texas (1-2) scratched and clawed its way within 14-13 late in the third quarter before Klein and Thompson hooked up for their second touchdown.

Hubert and Klein added fourth-quarter scoring runs to finally give Kansas State breathing room.

Derek Thompson was 25 of 28 for 208 yards and a late TD pass for the Mean Green, who converted the 2-point conversion to get within two touchdowns with 2:31 remaining in the game. An onside kick was recovered by the Wildcats, allowing them to run out the clock.

___

No. 16 TCU 20, KANSAS 6

LAWRENCE, Kan. (AP) ? Casey Pachall threw for 335 yards and two touchdowns, both to Brandon Carter, and TCU won its Big 12 debut.

Carter finished with eight catches for 141 yards, and Waymon James added 99 yards rushing for the Horned Frogs (2-0, 1-0), who pushed the nation's longest winning streak to 10 games by beating up on the team picked to finish last in the conference in preseason polls.

Dayne Crist led the Jayhawks (1-2, 0-1) with 303 yards passing, but he was also intercepted once, fumbled as he was heading into the end zone in the fourth quarter, and missed several third-down throws that prevented Kansas from capitalizing on TCU turnovers.

____

No. 17 MICHIGAN 63, UMASS 13

ANN ARBOR, Mich. (AP) ? Denard Robinson put up 397 yards of total offense and accounted for four touchdowns for Michigan.

Robinson, who came out of the game with Michigan (2-1) leading 56-13 late in the third quarter, rushed for 106 yards and a touchdown and completed 16 of 24 passes for 291 yards and three scores.

Fitzgerald Toussaint, who missed Michigan's opener due to suspension and then carried for just 7 yards against Air Force, had 85 yards and a touchdown against the Minutemen.

Former Wolverine Michael Cox, now a grad student at UMass, led the Minutemen (0-3) with 76 yards rushing.

____

No. 18 FLORIDA 37, No. 23 TENNESSEE 20

KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (AP) ? Jeff Driskel threw a pair of touchdown passes and Trey Burton rushed for two more scores as Florida scored the final 24 points to beat beat the Vols for the eight straight meeting.

Mike Gillislee ran for 115 yards to lead a 336-yard rushing effort for the Gators (3-0, 2-0 Southeastern Conference), who have outrushed Tennessee in each game of the streak.

Burton added 91 rushing yards on only three carries and Driskel ran for 81 yards on eight attempts.

Tyler Bray went 22 of 44 for 257 yards and threw touchdown passes to Cordarrelle Patterson and Mychal Rivera for Tennessee (2-1, 0-1). Bray also threw his first two interceptions of the season.

____

No. 19 LOUISVILLE 39, NORTH CAROLINA 34

LOUISVILLE, Ky. (AP) ? Teddy Bridgewater threw three first-half touchdowns and No. 19 Louisville scored on its first six possessions, and then had thwart North Carolina's comeback with a late defensive stand.

Bryn Renner settled down from a rough first half to rally the Tar Heels (1-2) from a 36-7 deficit with four second-half touchdowns, including a screen pass to Romar Morris for a 50-yard touchdown with 1:45 remaining.

North Carolina's Norkeithus Otis then forced Adrian Bushell to fumble the ensuing kickoff, and the Tar Heels recovered at the Cardinals 10. But after moving to the 3, North Carolina was penalized for a false start and Renner's final pass two plays later was broken up by Andrew Johnson in the end zone.

Bridgewater finished 23 of 28 passing for 279 for the Cardinals (3-0).

Renner had with five TD passes.

___

No. 22 UCLA 37, HOUSTON 6

PASADENA, Calif. (AP) ? Redshirt freshman Brett Hundley passed for 320 yards and two touchdowns, and UCLA's hard-hitting defense held high-scoring Houston in check.

Johnathan Franklin, the nation's leading rusher, gained 110 yards on 25 carries, Sheldon Price tied a school record with three of UCLA's five interceptions, and Ka'imi Fairbairn kicked three field goals to help the unbeaten Bruins earn their third straight victory under first-year coach Jim Mora.

Hundley completed 27 of 42 passes with two interceptions. Franklin, a senior who averaged 215.5 yards in his team's first two games, moved into second place on UCLA's career rushing list with 3,210 yards. Gaston Green gained 3,731 yards in the 1980s.

No. 24 ARIZONA 56, SOUTH CAROLINA STATE 0

TUCSON, Ariz. (AP) ? Matt Scott accounted for 349 total yards and four touchdowns in three quarters, and Arizona breezed through its final nonconference game, rolling over South Carolina State.

Arizona (3-0) did what it was supposed to against a team from the Football Championship Subdivision, racing out to a 28-0 lead by halftime and a school-record 43 first downs overall.

Scott threw for 288 yards and three touchdowns on 30-of-36 passing, and added a 10-yard scoring run in another stellar performance to start his senior season.

Arizona held South Carolina State (1-2) to 154 total yards for its first shutout in four years and a confidence-building tuneup before heading to No. 4 Oregon next Saturday for its Pac-12 opener.

UTAH 24, No. 25 BYU 21

SALT LAKE CITY (AP) ? Jon Hays had two touchdown passes, Moe Lee returned a fumble 47 yards for another and BYU missed two last-second field goal attempts as Utah upset the Cougars.

The Utes (2-1) blocked Justin Sorensen's 51-yard attempt with 1 second remaining, but BYU (2-1) got a second shot because the crowd prematurely rushed the field, resulting in a 15-yard penalty.

Riley Stephenson's 36-yard attempt with no time left clanked off the left upright, sending the frenzied crowd back on the field for good to celebrate the upset.

Hays was making his first start this season in place of Jordan Wynn, who suffered a career-ending shoulder injury. He finished 18 of 27 for 196 yards.

Riley Nelson rallied BYU late, including a 1-yard TD pass to Kaneakua Friel that pulled the Cougars within 24-21.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-09-16-T25-Top%2025%20Rdp/id-2013c56460af4d31928eccb33ba73152

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This Picture Shows Individual Atomic Bonds Inside a Molecule [Image Cache]

This isn't the view through your childhood kaleidoscope. Nor is it an alien craft come to beam you up. In fact, it's the world's first atomic force microscopy image of chemical bonds inside an individual molecule. More »


Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/auTPj0Vs5g4/this-picture-shows-individual-atomic-bonds-inside-a-molecule

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Further steps needed to reduce stigma and expand access to substance abuse

Further steps needed to reduce stigma and expand access to substance abuse [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Sep-2012
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Contact: Christine Stencel
news@nas.edu
202-334-2138
National Academy of Sciences

Further steps needed to reduce stigma and expand access to substance abuse screening and care in Armed Forces

WASHINGTON Outdated approaches to preventing and treating substance abuse, barriers to care, and other problems hinder the U.S. Defense Department's ability to curb substance use disorders among military service members and their families, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine. Service members' rising rate of prescription drug addiction and their difficulty in accessing adequate treatment for alcohol and drug-related disorders were among the concerns that prompted members of Congress to request this review.

"We commend the steps that the Department of Defense and individual service branches have recently taken to improve prevention and care for substance use disorders, but the armed forces face many ongoing challenges," said Charles P. O'Brien, Kenneth Appel Professor and vice chair, department of psychiatry, and director, Center for Studies of Addiction, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and chair of the committee that wrote the report. "Better care for service members and their families is hampered by inadequate prevention strategies, staffing shortages, lack of coverage for services that are proved to work, and stigma associated with these disorders. This report recommends solutions to address each of these concerns."

About 20 percent of active duty personnel reported having engaged in heavy drinking in 2008, the latest year for which data are available, and binge drinking increased from 35 percent in 1998 to 47 percent in 2008. While rates of both illicit and prescription drug abuse are low, the rate of medication misuse is rising. Just 2 percent of active duty personnel reported misusing prescription drugs in 2002 compared with 11 percent in 2008. The armed forces' programs and policies have not evolved to effectively address medication misuse and abuse, the committee noted.

To tackle these disorders better, DOD needs to lead from the top to ensure that all service branches take excess drinking and other substance use as seriously as they should, and that they consistently adhere to evidence-based strategies for prevention, screening, and treatment, the report says. Inconsistent use of evidence-based diagnostic and treatment strategies contributes to lower quality care. The department's own Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Substance Use Disorders is an excellent resource on effective approaches that is not being consistently followed, the committee said.

TRICARE, which provides health insurance to service members and their dependents, does not cover several evidence-based therapies that are now standard practice, the committee found. It also does not permit long-term use of certain medications for the treatment of addiction and covers treatment delivered only in specialized rehabilitation facilities. TRICARE's benefits should be revised to cover maintenance medications and treatment in office-based outpatient settings delivered by a range of providers, which would enable ongoing care for patients struggling to avoid relapses.

Alcohol has long been part of military culture, and attitudes toward drinking vary across the service branches, the committee found. The armed forces should enforce regulations on underage drinking, reduce the number of outlets that sell alcohol on bases, and limit their hours of operation, the report says. In addition, the service branches should conduct routine screening for excessive alcohol consumption in primary care settings and provide brief counseling when screening points to risky behavior. Making screening and intervention services part of primary care would reduce the stigma associated with seeking substance abuse treatment and increase the number of places where service members and families can get basic care for these disorders.

Health care providers should not have to include service members' commanding officers when developing care plans for those who do not meet diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders and need only brief counseling. Each branch also should provide options for confidential treatment; the Army's Confidential Alcohol Treatment and Education Pilot offers a promising example.

Military health care professionals at all levels need training in recognizing patterns of substance abuse and misuse and clear guidelines for referring patients to specialists such as pain management experts and mental health providers. Team care by a range of providers not only is a more effective approach but also would help alleviate the provider shortage created by the military's sole reliance on specialty substance abuse clinics to provide care, the committee concluded.

Easier access to providers and better management of substance use disorders could improve detection and care for related conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and suicidal thoughts, the committee noted. Substance misuse and abuse frequently occur along with these conditions. Rising suicide rates among both active duty personnel and veterans have alarmed the public and government officials.

The report was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense. Established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine provides objective, evidence-based advice to policymakers, health professionals, the private sector, and the public. The Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council together make up the independent, nonprofit National Academies. For more information, visit http://national-academies.org or http://iom.edu. A committee roster follows.

###

Contacts:

Christine Stencel, Senior Media Relations Officer

Shaquanna Shields, Media Relations Assistant

Office of News and Public Information
202-334-2138; e-mail news@nas.edu

Pre-publication copies of Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces are available from the National Academies Press; tel. 202-334-3313 or 1-800-624-6242 or on the Internet at http://www.nap.edu. Additional information is available at http://www.iom.edu/militarysubstanceuse. Reporters may obtain a copy from the Office of News and Public Information (contacts listed above).

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

Board on the Health of Select Populations

Committee on Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces

Charles P. O'Brien, M.D, Ph.D. (chair)
Professor and Vice Chair of Psychiatry, and
Director
Center for Studies of Addiction
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia

Hortensia D. Amaro, Ph.D.
Dean's Professor of Social Work and Preventive Medicine, and
Associate Vice Provost for Community Research Initiatives
University of Southern California
Los Angeles

Rhonda J. Robinson Beale, M.D.
Chief Medical Officer
OptumHealth Behavioral Solutions
Glendale, Calif.

Robert M. Bray, Ph.D.
Senior Social Psychologist
RTI International
Research Triangle Park, N.C.

Raul Caetano, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D.
Regional Dean and Professor
School of Health
University of Texas Southwestern
Dallas

Mathea Falco, J.D.
President
Drug Strategies
Washington, D.C.

Joyce Johnson, M.D.
Vice President
Health Services
Battelle Memorial Institute
Chevy Chase, Md.

Thomas R. Kosten, M.D.
J.H. Waggoner Chair and Professor of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston

Mary Jo Larson, Ph.D., M.P.A.
Senior Scientist
Schneider Institutes for Health Policy
Brandeis University
Waltham, Mass.

David C. Lewis, M.D.
Professor Emeritus of Community
Health and Medicine
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies
Brown University
Providence, R.I.

Dennis McCarty, Ph.D.
Professor of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and
Division Head
Health Services Research
Oregon Health and Science University
Portland

Mary Ann Pentz, Ph.D.
Professor of Preventive Medicine, and
Director
Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research
University of Southern California
Laguna Beach

Tracy Stecker, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Community and Family Medicine
Dartmouth Medical School
Lebanon, N.H.

Constance M. Weisner, M.S.W.
Professor of Psychiatry
University of California
San Francisco

STAFF

Maryjo Oster, Ph.D.
Study Director


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Further steps needed to reduce stigma and expand access to substance abuse [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Sep-2012
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Contact: Christine Stencel
news@nas.edu
202-334-2138
National Academy of Sciences

Further steps needed to reduce stigma and expand access to substance abuse screening and care in Armed Forces

WASHINGTON Outdated approaches to preventing and treating substance abuse, barriers to care, and other problems hinder the U.S. Defense Department's ability to curb substance use disorders among military service members and their families, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine. Service members' rising rate of prescription drug addiction and their difficulty in accessing adequate treatment for alcohol and drug-related disorders were among the concerns that prompted members of Congress to request this review.

"We commend the steps that the Department of Defense and individual service branches have recently taken to improve prevention and care for substance use disorders, but the armed forces face many ongoing challenges," said Charles P. O'Brien, Kenneth Appel Professor and vice chair, department of psychiatry, and director, Center for Studies of Addiction, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and chair of the committee that wrote the report. "Better care for service members and their families is hampered by inadequate prevention strategies, staffing shortages, lack of coverage for services that are proved to work, and stigma associated with these disorders. This report recommends solutions to address each of these concerns."

About 20 percent of active duty personnel reported having engaged in heavy drinking in 2008, the latest year for which data are available, and binge drinking increased from 35 percent in 1998 to 47 percent in 2008. While rates of both illicit and prescription drug abuse are low, the rate of medication misuse is rising. Just 2 percent of active duty personnel reported misusing prescription drugs in 2002 compared with 11 percent in 2008. The armed forces' programs and policies have not evolved to effectively address medication misuse and abuse, the committee noted.

To tackle these disorders better, DOD needs to lead from the top to ensure that all service branches take excess drinking and other substance use as seriously as they should, and that they consistently adhere to evidence-based strategies for prevention, screening, and treatment, the report says. Inconsistent use of evidence-based diagnostic and treatment strategies contributes to lower quality care. The department's own Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Substance Use Disorders is an excellent resource on effective approaches that is not being consistently followed, the committee said.

TRICARE, which provides health insurance to service members and their dependents, does not cover several evidence-based therapies that are now standard practice, the committee found. It also does not permit long-term use of certain medications for the treatment of addiction and covers treatment delivered only in specialized rehabilitation facilities. TRICARE's benefits should be revised to cover maintenance medications and treatment in office-based outpatient settings delivered by a range of providers, which would enable ongoing care for patients struggling to avoid relapses.

Alcohol has long been part of military culture, and attitudes toward drinking vary across the service branches, the committee found. The armed forces should enforce regulations on underage drinking, reduce the number of outlets that sell alcohol on bases, and limit their hours of operation, the report says. In addition, the service branches should conduct routine screening for excessive alcohol consumption in primary care settings and provide brief counseling when screening points to risky behavior. Making screening and intervention services part of primary care would reduce the stigma associated with seeking substance abuse treatment and increase the number of places where service members and families can get basic care for these disorders.

Health care providers should not have to include service members' commanding officers when developing care plans for those who do not meet diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders and need only brief counseling. Each branch also should provide options for confidential treatment; the Army's Confidential Alcohol Treatment and Education Pilot offers a promising example.

Military health care professionals at all levels need training in recognizing patterns of substance abuse and misuse and clear guidelines for referring patients to specialists such as pain management experts and mental health providers. Team care by a range of providers not only is a more effective approach but also would help alleviate the provider shortage created by the military's sole reliance on specialty substance abuse clinics to provide care, the committee concluded.

Easier access to providers and better management of substance use disorders could improve detection and care for related conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and suicidal thoughts, the committee noted. Substance misuse and abuse frequently occur along with these conditions. Rising suicide rates among both active duty personnel and veterans have alarmed the public and government officials.

The report was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense. Established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine provides objective, evidence-based advice to policymakers, health professionals, the private sector, and the public. The Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and National Research Council together make up the independent, nonprofit National Academies. For more information, visit http://national-academies.org or http://iom.edu. A committee roster follows.

###

Contacts:

Christine Stencel, Senior Media Relations Officer

Shaquanna Shields, Media Relations Assistant

Office of News and Public Information
202-334-2138; e-mail news@nas.edu

Pre-publication copies of Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces are available from the National Academies Press; tel. 202-334-3313 or 1-800-624-6242 or on the Internet at http://www.nap.edu. Additional information is available at http://www.iom.edu/militarysubstanceuse. Reporters may obtain a copy from the Office of News and Public Information (contacts listed above).

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

Board on the Health of Select Populations

Committee on Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces

Charles P. O'Brien, M.D, Ph.D. (chair)
Professor and Vice Chair of Psychiatry, and
Director
Center for Studies of Addiction
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia

Hortensia D. Amaro, Ph.D.
Dean's Professor of Social Work and Preventive Medicine, and
Associate Vice Provost for Community Research Initiatives
University of Southern California
Los Angeles

Rhonda J. Robinson Beale, M.D.
Chief Medical Officer
OptumHealth Behavioral Solutions
Glendale, Calif.

Robert M. Bray, Ph.D.
Senior Social Psychologist
RTI International
Research Triangle Park, N.C.

Raul Caetano, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D.
Regional Dean and Professor
School of Health
University of Texas Southwestern
Dallas

Mathea Falco, J.D.
President
Drug Strategies
Washington, D.C.

Joyce Johnson, M.D.
Vice President
Health Services
Battelle Memorial Institute
Chevy Chase, Md.

Thomas R. Kosten, M.D.
J.H. Waggoner Chair and Professor of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston

Mary Jo Larson, Ph.D., M.P.A.
Senior Scientist
Schneider Institutes for Health Policy
Brandeis University
Waltham, Mass.

David C. Lewis, M.D.
Professor Emeritus of Community
Health and Medicine
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies
Brown University
Providence, R.I.

Dennis McCarty, Ph.D.
Professor of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and
Division Head
Health Services Research
Oregon Health and Science University
Portland

Mary Ann Pentz, Ph.D.
Professor of Preventive Medicine, and
Director
Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research
University of Southern California
Laguna Beach

Tracy Stecker, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Community and Family Medicine
Dartmouth Medical School
Lebanon, N.H.

Constance M. Weisner, M.S.W.
Professor of Psychiatry
University of California
San Francisco

STAFF

Maryjo Oster, Ph.D.
Study Director


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-09/naos-fsn091712.php

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